Anime in Hindi

 शुरुआती समय से आने वाली फिल्मों को मुख्य रूप से जापानी लोगों के लिए निर्देशित किया गया था और इसलिए जापान के लिए कई सांस्कृतिक टिप्पणियां शामिल थीं। उदाहरण के लिए, एनीमे लोगों में बड़ी आँखें आमतौर पर जापान में “आत्मा की खिड़की” के रूप में माना जाता है। 

ओसामू तेजुका

एनीमे, सामान्य रूप से युवा पीढ़ी के लिए बनाया जाता है, लेकिन एनीमे फिल्मों को कभी-कभी वयस्कों के लिए भी बनाया जाता है। पहली एनीमे 1956 में बनाई गई थी और 1961 में ओसामू तेजुका की बदौलत सफलता मिली, जो कि जापानी एनीमे की दुनिया की एक अग्रणी हस्ती है।

© Tezuka Productions Co., Ltd. / Mushi Production

हायाओ मियाजाकी

एनीमा को आगे हायाओ मियाजाकी ने प्रसिद्ध किया, जिनकी फिल्में माई नेबर टोटरो, स्पिरिटेड अवे जैसी फिल्में अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर कई पुरस्कार जीतती हैं

माई नेबर टोटरो  (हायाओ मियाजाकी) © 1988 स्टूडियो घिबली छवि क्रेडिट: आधिकारिक वेबसाइट  © 1988 Studio Ghibli Image credits: Official Website

भारत और जापानी एनीमे (India & Japanese Anime)

भारत में, जापानी संस्कृति में हमारा पहला मार्ग शनिवार की सुबह कार्टून देखकर था। शानदार कहानियों, विशाल आँखों और अद्भुत एनीमेशन से रोमांचित, हम में से अधिकांश जापानी एनीमे (Anime) को बिना जाने भी देख रहे थे। निप्पॉन एनिमेशन द्वारा टीवी टोक्यो की द जंगल बुक 1989 से भारत में बड़े पैमाने पर हिट रही है।गीत “जंगल जंगल बात गई है ” को विशाल भारद्वाज द्वारा मूल संगीत के साथ हिंदी डब संस्करण के लिए बनाया गया था, गुलज़ार द्वारा गीत और अमोल सहदेव द्वारा गाया गया था।

एनिमे (जापानी: アニメ) शब्द जापानी में एनिमेशन के लिए प्रयोग होता है। जहाँ विश्व में एनिमे शब्द को सिर्फ जापानी कार्टून या एनिमेशन से जोड़ कर देखा जाता है, वहीं जापान मे इसका प्रयोग हर प्रकार के देशी या विदेशी एनिमेशन के लिए होता है। इस कला को दुनिया के बहुत से लोग पसंद करते हैं। इस तरह की एनिमेशन में पात्रों की बनावट पर एक खास तरह से काम किया जाता है। पात्रों की आँखें, उनके बाल व उनके शरीर की बनावट भी आम किस्म की एनिमेशन से अलग देखी जाती है लेकिन इसकी लोकप्रियता को देख कर अब अन्य कार्टून्स में इसकी झलक देखी जा सकती है।

एनिमे के उदाहरण हैं: -

• पोकेमोन
• डोरेमोन
• डेथ नोट
• शिनचैन
• नारुतो

Anime (Japanese: アニメ, IPA: [aɲime] (listen)) is hand-drawn and computer animation originating from Japan. In Japan and in Japanese, anime (a term derived from the English word animation) describes all animated works, regardless of style or origin. However, outside of Japan and in English, anime is colloquial for Japanese animation and refers specifically to animation produced in Japan.^[1] Animation produced outside of Japan with similar style to Japanese animation is referred to as anime-influenced animation.

The earliest commercial Japanese animations date to 1917. A characteristic art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of cartoonist Osamu Tezuka and spread in following decades, developing a large domestic audience. Anime is distributed theatrically, through television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet. In addition to original works, anime are often adaptations of Japanese comics (manga), light novels, or video games. It is classified into numerous genres targeting various broad and niche audiences.

Anime is a diverse medium with distinctive production methods that have adapted in response to emergent technologies. It combines graphic art, characterization, cinematography, and other forms of imaginative and individualistic techniques.^[2] Compared to Western animation, anime production generally focuses less on movement, and more on the detail of settings and use of "camera effects", such as panning, zooming, and angle shots.^[2] Diverse art styles are used, and character proportions and features can be quite varied, with a common characteristic feature being large and emotive eyes.^[3]

The anime industry consists of over 430 production companies, including major studios like Studio Ghibli, Sunrise, Ufotable, CoMix Wave Films and Toei Animation. Since the 1980s, the medium has also seen international success with the rise of foreign dubbed, subtitled programming and it's increasing distribution through streaming services. As of 2016, Japanese anime accounted for 60% of the world's animated television shows.^[4]

In 2019, the annual overseas exports of Japanese animation exceeded $10 billion for the first time in history.^[5]

Hestory 

Emakimono and kagee are considered precursors of Japanese animation.^[15] Emakimono was common in the eleventh century. Traveling storytellers narrated legends and anecdotes while the emakimono was unrolled from the right to left with chronological order, as a moving panorama.^[15] Kagee was popular during the Edo period and originated from the shadows play of China.^[15] Magic lanterns from the Netherlands were also popular in the eighteenth century.^[15] The paper play called Kamishibai surged in the twelfth century and remained popular in the street theater until the 1930s.^[15] Puppets of the bunraku theater and ukiyo-e prints are considered ancestors of characters of most Japanese animations.^[15] Finally, mangas were a heavy inspiration for Japanese anime. Cartoonists Kitzawa Rakuten and Okamoto Ippei used film elements in their strips.^[15]

Pioneers

A frame from Namakura Gatana (1917), the oldest surviving Japanese animated short film made for cinemas

Animation in Japan began in the early 20th century, when filmmakers started to experiment with techniques pioneered in France, Germany, the United States, and Russia.^[11] A claim for the earliest Japanese animation is Katsudō Shashin (c. 1907),^[16] a private work by an unknown creator.^[17] In 1917, the first professional and publicly displayed works began to appear; animators such as Ōten Shimokawa, Seitarō Kitayama, and Jun'ichi Kōuchi (considered the "fathers of anime") produced numerous films, the oldest surviving of which is Kōuchi's Namakura Gatana.^[18] Many early works were lost with the destruction of Shimokawa's warehouse in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake.^[19]

By the mid-1930s, animation was well-established in Japan as an alternative format to the live-action industry. It suffered competition from foreign producers, such as Disney, and many animators, including Noburō Ōfuji and Yasuji Murata, continued to work with cheaper cutout animation rather than cel animation.^[20] Other creators, including Kenzō Masaoka and Mitsuyo Seo, nevertheless made great strides in technique, benefiting from the patronage of the government, which employed animators to produce educational shorts and propaganda.^[21] In 1940, the government dissolved several artists' organizations to form the Shin Nippon Mangaka Kyōkai.^[a][22] The first talkie anime was Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka (1933), a short film produced by Masaoka.^[23][24] The first feature-length anime film was Momotaro: Sacred Sailors (1945), produced by Seo with a sponsorship from the Imperial Japanese Navy.^[25] The 1950s saw a proliferation of short, animated advertisements created for television.^[26]

Modern era

Frame from the opening sequence of Tezuka's 1963 TV series Astro Boy

In the 1960s, manga artist and animator Osamu Tezuka adapted and simplified Disney animation techniques to reduce costs and limit frame counts in his productions.^[27] Originally intended as temporary measures to allow him to produce material on a tight schedule with an inexperienced staff, many of his limited animation practices came to define the medium's style.^[28] Three Tales (1960) was the first anime film broadcast on television;^[29] the first anime television series was Instant History (1961–64).^[30] An early and influential success was Astro Boy (1963–66), a television series directed by Tezuka based on his manga of the same name. Many animators at Tezuka's Mushi Production later established major anime studios (including Madhouse, Sunrise, and Pierrot).

The 1970s saw growth in the popularity of manga, many of which were later animated. Tezuka's work—and that of other pioneers in the field—inspired characteristics and genres that remain fundamental elements of anime today. The giant robot genre (also known as "mecha"), for instance, took shape under Tezuka, developed into the super robot genre under Go Nagai and others, and was revolutionized at the end of the decade by Yoshiyuki Tomino, who developed the real robot genre.^[31] Robot anime series such as Gundam and Super Dimension Fortress Macross became instant classics in the 1980s, and the genre remained one of the most popular in the following decades.^[32] The bubble economy of the 1980s spurred a new era of high-budget and experimental anime films, including Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984), Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise (1987), and Akira (1988).^[33]

Neon Genesis Evangelion (1995), a television series produced by Gainax and directed by Hideaki Anno, began another era of experimental anime titles, such as Ghost in the Shell (1995) and Cowboy Bebop (1998). In the 1990s, anime also began attracting greater interest in Western countries; major international successes include Sailor Moon and Dragon Ball Z, both of which were dubbed into more than a dozen languages worldwide. In 2003, Spirited Away, a Studio Ghibli feature film directed by Hayao Miyazaki, won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 75th Academy Awards. It later became the highest-grossing anime film,^[b] earning more than $355 million. Since the 2000s, an increased number of anime works have been adaptations of light novels and visual novels; successful examples include The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya and Fate/stay night (both 2006). Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba the Movie: Mugen Train became the highest-grossing Japanese film and one of the world's highest-grossing films of 2020.^[34] It also became the fastest grossing film in 

Japanese cinema, because in 10 days it made 10 billion yen ($95.3m; £72m).^[34] It beat the previous record of Spirited Away which took 25 days.^[34]

The anime industry has several annual awards that honor the year's best works. Major annual awards in Japan include the Ōfuji Noburō Award, the Mainichi Film Award for Best Animation Film, the Animation Kobe Awards, the Japan Media Arts Festival animation awards, the Tokyo Anime Award and the Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year. In the United States, anime films compete in the Crunchyroll Anime Awards. There were also the American Anime Awards, which were designed to recognize excellence in anime titles nominated by the industry, and were held only once in 2006.^[107] Anime productions have also been nominated and won awards not exclusively for anime, like the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature or the Golden Bear.